The recruitment of neutrophils to the peritonium after intraperitoneal administration of a glycogen solution (1%) and the ex vivo production of cytokines and NO by neutrophils were attenuated in rats that previously received tributyrin. Products of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase are not involved in the effects of SCFAs as indicated by the results obtained with the inhibitors of these enzymes. We also observed that these fatty acids inhibit HDAC activity and NF-κB activation, which might be involved in the attenuation of the LPS response. Propionate and butyrate diminished TNF-α, CINC-2αβ and NO production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils. The effect of butyrate was also investigated in vivo after oral administration of tributyrin (a pro-drug of butyrate). The company has been created by Tim Spekler and the name is directly related to the first game called FarSky. The involvement of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) was examined. Farsky Interactive is an indie game studio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines by rat neutrophils.
More than just being an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, these compounds are modulators of leukocyte function and potential targets for the development of new drugs. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation products of anaerobic bacteria.